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Anthony Anderson
Anthony Anderson

Acanthurus Chirurgus


Acanthurus chirurgus, commonly called doctorfish or doctorfish tang in English and barbero rayado or cirujano rayado in Spanish, is a tropical marine fish common in the Atlantic Ocean.




acanthurus chirurgus


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Reaching a maximum size of 39 centimetres (15 in) and 5.1 kilograms (11 lb), Acanthurus chirurgus gets its common name for the structures called "scalpels", which are found on either side of the caudal peduncle. The "scalpel" is used during fights with other doctorfish and as a defense mechanism against predators. Its coloration generally varies from blue-gray to dark brown. 10 to 12 vertical bars are always present, but often faint. The edges of the caudal, dorsal, and anal fins are blue. There is also a faint blue ring that can be seen encircling the "scalpel" on either side.


Acanthurus chirurgus spends its daylight hours grazing on algae and organic detritus. Its teeth are specially shaped for scraping algae and plant matter from rocks. Because it swallows its food whole, it has a gizzard-like organ in the intestine filled with particles of sand which help to grind food before it starts the digestive process.


Acanthurus chirurgus, also known as the Doctorfish Tang, is a species of tang that has sharp, scalpel-like, dorsal fins. They are usually a blue/grey to dark grey coloration with faded brown vertical brown stripes. The Doctorfish is one of the hardier tang species but should be kept in a large tank providing it ample space to swim freely and a good amount of rock for it to hide in. The Doctorfish is best kept in a fish-only tank as it may nip at small inverts and corals. They also shouldn't be kept with species of its own kind but can be kept with other tangs. It will eat most meaty prepared foods, herbivorous foods, and algae in your tank. Overall, the Doctorfish is a good fish to house in a fish-only aquarium but will also thrive in a reef tank if no inverts are present.


The Doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus Bloch, 1787), belongs to the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, to the order of the Perciformes and to the family of the Acanthuridae that presently (2016) counts 6 genera and 82 species.


The Acanthurus chirurgus nourishes mainly of more or less filamentous algae of the genera Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Dictyota and Wurdemannia, but also of more consistent algae and of aquatic plants belonging to the genus Thalassia, that form the seagrass meadows of the tropics. In order to better crush them in the stomach, it often swallows, as the birds do, some sand, and often integrates, like other Acanthurus, this vegetarian diet with organic debris; so much that at the New York aquarium a specimen has lived 5 years contenting, besides some occasional algae, of small fragments of fish and of bivalved molluscs.


Acanthurus chirurgusis commonly referred to as Black Doctorfish, Doctorfish. Difficulty in the aquarium: Only for advanced aquarists. A aquarium size of at least 2000 Liter is recommended. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.


Acanthurus chirurgus, is commonly simply known as the doctorfish. This is a quite uncommon fish in the trade. Becoming a medium-large surgeonfish, it needs plenty of swimming space and clean water to thrive. It can be aggressive towards other fish, especially other tangs and food competitors, but will make up for that with eating algae once hierarchy is established.


We compared 62 specimens, 48-126.5 mm standard length, of Acanthurus bahianus from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico with 95 specimens from other localities to determine if the distinguishing characters in the original description of the Gulf of Mexico endemic surgeonfish Acanthurus randalli were valid. No color pattern or meristic differences were found, and the only measurement that allowed distinction (91% percent concordance) was the shallower caudal concavity of northeastern Gulf of Mexico specimens. Acanthurus chirurgus from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico also have shallower caudal concavities (93.7% percent concordance) than do conspecifics from other areas, suggesting that this trend may be correlated with some unknown environmental influence. Considering the extended planktonic larval dispersal capabilities of Atlantic surgeonfishes, and that the single divergent morphological character state is also exhibited in a sympatric northeastern Gulf of Mexico population of A. chirurgus, recognition of A. randalli is untenable, and the name is considered a junior synonym of A. bahianus. An identification key to western Atlantic species of Acanthurus that incorporates the results of this study is given.


Acanthurus chirurgus is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van doktersvissen (Acanthuridae), orde baarsachtigen (Perciformes), die voorkomt in het noordwesten, het westen, het oosten en het zuidwesten van de Atlantische Oceaan.


Acanthurus chirurgus kan maximaal 39 centimeter lang en 5100 gram zwaar worden. Het lichaam van de vis heeft een gedrongen vorm. De kop is duidelijk convex. De ogen zijn normaal van vorm en zijn symmetrisch.


Acanthurus chirurgus is een zoutwatervis die voorkomt in subtropische wateren. De soort is voornamelijk te vinden in zeeƫn op een harde ondergrond en koraalriffen, op een diepte van 2 tot 25 meter.


Acanthurus chirurgus is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. De soort wordt gevangen voor commerciƫle aquaria. Voor de mens is de soort niet geheel ongevaarlijk: de vis is in staat de mens te verwonden.


Although many reef fishes of the tropical Atlantic are widely distributed, there are large discontinuities that may strongly influence phylogeographical patterns. The freshwater outflow of the Amazon basin is recognized as a major barrier that produces a break between Brazilian and Caribbean faunas. The vast oceanic distances between Brazil and the mid-Atlantic ridge islands represent another formidable barrier. To assess the relative importance of these barriers, we compared a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene among populations of three species of Atlantic surgeonfishes: Acanthurus bahianus, A. chirurgus and A. coeruleus. These species have similar life histories but different adult habitat preferences. The mtDNA data show no population structure between Brazil and the mid-Atlantic islands, indicating that this oceanic barrier is readily traversed by the pelagic larval stage of all three surgeonfishes, which spend approximately 45-70 days in the pelagic environment. The Amazon is a strong barrier to dispersal of A. bahianus (d = 0.024, phiST = 0.724), a modest barrier for A. coeruleus (phiST = 0.356), and has no discernible effect as a barrier for A. chirurgus. The later species has been collected on soft bottoms with sponge habitats under the Amazon outflow, indicating that relaxed adult habitat requirements enable it to readily cross that barrier. A limited ability to use soft bottom habitats may also explain the low (but significant) population structure in A. coeruleus. In contrast, A. bahianus has not been collected over deep sponge bottoms, and rarely settles outside shallow reefs. Overall, adult habitat preferences seem to be the factor that differentiates phylogeographical patterns in these reef-associated species.


Nhį»Æng ghi nhįŗ­n vį» sį»± xuįŗ„t hiį»‡n cį»§a A. chirurgus į»Ÿ ĐƓng Đįŗ”i TĆ¢y DĘ°Ę”ng, cį»„ thį»ƒ lĆ  ngoĆ i khĘ”i Gambia, Senegal vĆ  Sao Tome vĆ  Principe cĆ³ lįŗ½ lĆ  sį»± xĆ”c đį»‹nh nhįŗ§m vį»›i loĆ i hį» hĆ ng Acanthurus monroviae[1].


A. chirurgus cÅ©ng Ä‘Ć£ đʰį»£c ghi nhįŗ­n tįŗ”i Đį»‹a Trung Hįŗ£i, khi mį»™t cĆ” thį»ƒ đang trĘ°į»Ÿng thĆ nh cį»§a chĆŗng đʰį»£c quan sĆ”t į»Ÿ ngoĆ i khĘ”i đįŗ£o Elba (Ɲ) vĆ o năm 2015[4]. Năm 2016, mį»™t cĆ” thį»ƒ đang trĘ°į»Ÿng thĆ nh khĆ”c cį»§a A. chirurgus đʰį»£c bįŗÆt gįŗ·p tįŗ”i Malta[5]. Sį»± xuįŗ„t hiį»‡n cį»§a A. chirurgus į»Ÿ cįŗ£ hai trĘ°į»ng hį»£p nĆ y đʰį»£c nghÄ© lĆ  do viį»‡c vįŗ­n chuyį»ƒn thĘ°Ę”ng mįŗ”i cį»§a con ngĘ°į»i.


Chiį»u dĆ i cĘ” thį»ƒ tį»‘i đa đʰį»£c ghi nhįŗ­n į»Ÿ A. chirurgus lĆ  39 cm[3]. LoĆ i cĆ” nĆ y cĆ³ mį»™t mįŗ£nh xĘ°Ę”ng nhį»n chÄ©a ra į»Ÿ mį»—i bĆŖn cuį»‘ng đuĆ“i tįŗ”o thĆ nh ngįŗ”nh sįŗÆc, lĆ  đįŗ·c điį»ƒm cį»§a hį» CĆ” đuĆ“i gai. Ngįŗ”nh đuĆ“i nĆ y cĆ³ viį»n mĆ u xanh lam Ć”nh kim bao quanh[6].


CĘ” thį»ƒ cį»§a A. chirurgus cĆ³ hƬnh bįŗ§u dį»„c thuĆ“n dĆ i, mĆ u nĆ¢u xĆ”m vį»›i khoįŗ£ng 10 dįŗ£i sį»c mĆ u xĆ”m sįŗ«m cĆ”ch đį»u nhau į»Ÿ hai bĆŖn thĆ¢n. VĆ¢y đuĆ“i hĘ”i lƵm, mĆ u xanh lam sįŗ«m, cĆ³ thį»ƒ cĆ³ dįŗ£i mĆ u trįŗÆng bao quanh gį»‘c đuĆ“i. VĆ¢y hįŗ­u mĆ“n vĆ  vĆ¢y lĘ°ng cĆ³ viį»n mĆ u xanh Ć³ng į»Ÿ rƬa[6][7].


Thį»©c ăn cį»§a A. chirurgus chį»§ yįŗæu lĆ  cĆ”c loįŗ”i tįŗ£o mį»c į»Ÿ Ä‘Ć”y biį»ƒn, Ä‘Ć“i khi chĆŗng ăn cįŗ£ cį» biį»ƒn[1]. Đį»ƒ giĆŗp dįŗ” dĆ y hoįŗ”t đį»™ng tį»‘t hĘ”n trong viį»‡c nghiį»n tįŗ£o, chĆŗng cĆ³ thį»ƒ nuį»‘t cįŗ£ cĆ”t sį»i vĆ o bį»„ng.


Sau cĆ”i chįŗæt hĆ ng loįŗ”t cį»§a nhĆ­m biį»ƒn cį»§a loĆ i Diadema antillarum trĆŖn khįŗÆp cĆ”c vĆ¹ng biį»ƒn thuį»™c TĆ¢y Đįŗ”i TĆ¢y DĘ°Ę”ng vĆ o năm 1983, cĆ”c nhĆ  khoa hį»c nhįŗ­n thįŗ„y, quįŗ§n thį»ƒ trĘ°į»Ÿng thĆ nh cį»§a Acanthurus coeruleus vĆ  A. chirurgus Ä‘Ć£ tăng lĆŖn Ä‘Ć”ng kį»ƒ (lįŗ§n lĘ°į»£t lĆ  250% vĆ  160%), do nguį»“n tįŗ£o biį»ƒn dį»“i dĆ o mĆ  trĘ°į»›c Ä‘Ć¢y cįŗ£ hai phįŗ£i chia sįŗ» vį»›i D. antillarum[8].


Tįŗ”i quįŗ§n đįŗ£o Fernando de Noronha, cĆ”c nhĆ  khoa hį»c Ä‘Ć£ ghi nhįŗ­n nhį»Æng "trįŗ”m vį»‡ sinh" đʰį»£c lįŗ­p bį»Ÿi nhį»Æng cĆ” thį»ƒ chĘ°a trĘ°į»Ÿng thĆ nh cį»§a cĆ” thia Abudefduf saxatilis vĆ  hai loĆ i cĆ” đuĆ“i gai A. coeruleus vĆ  A. chirurgus (12 - 25 cĆ” thį»ƒ vį»›i chiį»u dĆ i nįŗ±m trong khoįŗ£ng tį»« 7 đįŗæn 12 cm)[9]. "KhĆ”ch hĆ ng" mĆ  chĆŗng phį»„c vį»„ lĆ  nhį»Æng cĆ” thį»ƒ đį»“i mį»“i dį»©a (Chelonia mydas)[9]. 041b061a72


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